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1. Skeletal System

. Study Guide to the Systems of the Body Study Guide to the Systems of the Body Jul 27, 2018 Study Guide to the Systems of the Body Have you ever wondered how your food is digested, or how you can breathe, or even move your arms? If you think about it, it's pretty amazing that the human body can do all of these things and more. These actions are made possible by what are called organ systems which are collections of organs, body parts and tissues that work together for a common goal. For example, each one of your bones are part of the skeletal system; they work collectively to provide support and movement so that you can walk and run.

In this unit, students will explore how body systems interact to. Supports for constructing scientific explanations, Regents-aligned questions, and is organized. Reading R.1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make.

Your bones also work together to protect your important internal organs, such as the heart, lungs and brain. Other organ systems present in your body are the circulatory, respiratory, muscular, digestive, integumentary, endocrine, reproductive, and nervous systems. All of these systems have specific functions but they cannot function independently, meaning that they rely on all the other systems in order to work properly. Each system is very important and every person has them.

Below you will find a brief overview of each body system along with helpful educational links for adults and instructional links for teachers. Circulatory System The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels which emcompasses all of the arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The main purpose of the circulatory system is to transport blood, oxygen, nutrients and hormones to and from different cells and tissues throughout the body. This system works hand-in-hand with the respiratory system to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood per the alveoli in the lungs.

It is also very important for the the removal of wastes and poisons within the body via the digestive and urinary systems. Click on this link and learn all about the circulatory system. Includes information on how it works, its function, major organs within the system, heart structure, and blood. A neat animation of how the circulatory system works. Kids who are interested in learning more about the cardiovascular system and what it is can click on this link.

On this page, readers will learn more details about the heart, the bloodstream, and how blood gets its oxygen!. This page opens up to a printout of the human heart that can be colored. The printout has the various parts of the heart labeled. A series of lesson plans for learning about the circulatory system. Blood vessels and how to check one's pulse are a part of the lesson plans provided. Play this game to learn more about the circulatory system. Watch a great video about the heart and the circulatory system.

After the video, kids can read all about it as well. Respiratory System The respiratory system primarily consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs and diaphragm. It's primary functions are to absorb oxygen through the inhalation (inspiration) of air and to expel carbon dioxide back out into the atmosphere through exhalation (expiration). This process is commonly called ventilation, otherwise known as breathing, which facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and atmosphere. Within the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged via the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where this action takes place.

During this process the newly oxygenated blood is pumped through the circulatory system by way of the heart to all of the cells, tissues, and organs throughout the body. Educational information provided by the NIH. Includes an overview of the respiratory system, what happens when you breathe, what controls your breathing, and lung diseases and conditions. Includes 2D and 3D interactive respiratory system anatomy explorer.

Provides information on each section of the respiratory system and an overview of how it all works together. An elementary school lesson plan regarding the respiratory system. The lesson plan includes parts from part A to part D. Watch a video summary about the respiratory system. The video is for kids in the fifth grade.

Information about the respiratory system in an easy to understand format. Provides educational information on the respiratory system basics, including breathing, gas exchange, and cellular respiration. Skeletal System The skeletal system is comprised of 206 bones in total and consists of several different types of bones such as long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. It also consists of all the joints, cartilage, tendons and ligaments within the body. The primary functions of the skeletal system are locomotion, support of the body, and the protection of internal organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. Bones are also responsible for the production of red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells. Minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorous are also stored within the bones, with 99% of the body’s calcium being stored here.

Learn about the skeletal system components, types of bones, and types of joints. Learn about the skeletal system inside and out by clicking on this link. While reading this page, people can also learn what the skeletal system does and how it works with other systems in the body. An interactive game for grades 4 and 5 that allows kids to label the various bones of the skeletal system.

Kids can ask their parents to print out this skeleton for coloring, or it can be colored online. Spaces are available for labeling the various parts. Learning about the common and proper names of bones can be fun. Print this PDF and connect the common names of the bones with the proper names. Read about the three major jobs that the skeletal system does. This link also tells how many bones there are in the human body.

Muscular System The muscular system consists of 650 skeletal, smooth (visceral), and cardiac (myocardium) muscles. The primary functions of this system are movement, joint stabilization, heat generation, maintenance of posture, and the facilitation of blood circulation.

Skeletal System

Skeletal muscles connect to bone and work hand-in-hand with the skeletal system to control voluntary movement such as walking and running. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles that are responsible for the contraction of hollow muscles which include the stomach, intestines, bladder and uterus. Cardiac muscle is involuntary muscle found only in the heart and facilitates the circulation of blood by pumping it to the major arteries and out into the body via the circulatory system. Facts, Functions and Diseases: Provides an educational overview of the human muscular system. Includes brief information about diseases of the muscular system. Easy to understand educational overview of the muscular system. Provides more in-depth information about the muscular system.

Includes a 2D and 3D interactive anatomy explorer. A collection of classroom and home-school activities and lesson plans that teach kids about their muscles. This class assignment asks two questions about the muscular system, plus includes a bonus question.

Links to explore for the answer are provided. The Digestive System The digestive system is mainly comprised of the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon). The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are also a part of this system and are responsible for contributing to the chemical breakdown of ingested food. The main functions of the digestive system are digestion, absorption and the elimination of waste. Digestion is the breakdown of foods by mechanical and enzymatic processes into substances that can be utilized by the body. Absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine and is the process by which vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are passed on to the blood for energy.

Undigested and non-useful nutrients from food pass through to the large intestine and are eliminated as waste. The large intestine is also where the majority of water and sodium are absorbed into the body for use. A more in-depth look at how the digestive system works, why it’s important, and what happens to your food as it passes through the digestive system. Click on this link for a neat video about the digestive system. Learn about the nine basic steps that the human digestive system goes through. An online game where kids help Arnold with his digestive system. Organs are moved into the correct location on the character's body.

A video that shows how the digestive system works for kids in grades 3 to 12. Nervous System The nervous system is made up of two major parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and acts as the main control system for the body. The peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves and ganglia (nerve cell clusters) found outside of the central nervous system; its role is receiving information from various stimuli and sending it to the brain. The main purpose of the nervous system is perceiving information from inside the body and/or from the external environment (PNS) and determining how the body responds to any changes (CNS).

An example of this would be pricking your finger on a needle, your body will immediately pull your finger away in direct response to painful stimuli. This system also regulates basic bodily functions such as breathing, blood pressure, digestion, and the control of body temperature. Educational overview of the nervous system from the NIH.

Make a neuron out of clay by following the instructions found on this page. The directions for the model are for kids in third grade through 12th grade. Provides easy to understand information for kids about the nervous system. Includes a slideshow on the different parts of the brain, anatomy of the nervous system, how it works, and illnesses of this system.

Learn all about the nervous system by clicking on this link to the Women's and Children's Health Network. The article even explains how to keep the central nervous system working well!.

On this page, kids can learn all about the various body systems. The last system covered by this PDF document is the nervous system. Endocrine System The endocrine system is primarily made up of the hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal body, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands.

The main function of this system is to help regulate and maintain assorted functions of the body by releasing hormones into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the condition of maintaining balance within the body in relation to its external environment and is vital for life. Hormones are chemical substances produced by a gland, or glands, to affect other parts of the body. Together these glands are responsible for growth and development, breathing and heart rate, reproduction, metabolism, mood, sleep, tissue function, digestion, the release of insulin, and much more. Provides video addressing each endocrine gland within the body, how it works, and where the glands are located. It also provides an overview of the endocrine system. Provides educational information for teens regarding each gland and the hormones they produce.

Includes overview of the endocrine system along with common disease conditions. Printable activity sheet for labeling the endocrine glands. Includes educational information on the endocrine glands, the hormones they secrete and where they are located. Activity plan for teachers.

This game teaches students about the hormone-receptor interactions within the endocrine system. Integumentary System The integumentary system consists of the skin, sweat and oil glands, nails, and hair. Skin is the largest organ in the body and is made up of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. This system performs several functions that are vital to maintaining homeostasis.

These functions are: protecting the body’s internal organs and tissues; protection from dehydration by helping to retain body fluids; protection from infectious organisms; maintaining a body temperature that is consistent with life; receptor site for pressure, sensation, pain, and temperature; excretion of waste materials through sweating; storing fat, water, and glucose; production of vitamin D. Hair is responsible for helping to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation, while nails help to protect from injury and provide support for the tips of the fingers and toes. Provides general information about this system including the structure of the skin and the different layers. An educational video about the integumentary functions and anatomy is also included. Educational information about each layer of the skin in an easy to understand format.

Lesson plan for teachers that encourages learning about the four functions of the skin. Infographic diagram on the human integumentary system. Also contains basic information about this system. Urinary/Excretory System The urinary system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter and remove extra fluid, toxins and waste from the bloodstream in the form of urine. Every day this system produces at least 1 to 2 quarts of urine.

Other primary functions of the urinary system are maintaining the body’s relative state of homeostasis by keeping the levels of electrolytes in balance, producing hormones that regulate blood pressure, producing red blood cells, and helping to keep bones healthy by maintaining the right amounts of phosphorous and calcium within the body. Educational information from the NIH about this system and its functions. Provides anatomical information about each organ within the system. Provides information about this system to kids in an easy to understand format. Educational and funny video for children about the urinary system and how it works. Teacher’s lesson plan and activity on the excretory system geared toward elementary school students. Lymphatic System The lymphatic system consists of the lymphatic vessels, tonsils, adenoids, spleen and thymus gland.

Lymphatic vessels are similar to the circulatory system’s capillaries and veins and are connected to hundreds of lymph nodes within the body. Lymph nodes produce and store the cells that fight infection and disease. Tonsils take in bacteria and viruses that enter through the mouth and nose and are considered the first line of defense for the immune system. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ and is responsible for producing both red and white blood cells and helps to detect dangerous microorganisms, viruses and bacteria within the blood.

As part of the immune system, the primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport a clear and colorless infection-fighting fluid called lymph, which contains white blood cells, throughout the body via the lymphatic vessels. Other functions of this system are absorbing fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system and transporting them into the bloodstream, restoring excess proteins and interstitial fluids to the blood, and helping to rid the body of toxic byproducts.

Information from the CDC about each organ in the lymphatic system, where it is found and what they produce. Spleen and Lymphatic System: Provides information about the basic anatomy of the lymphatic system, how it works and disease conditions associated with this system. Crash Course: Educational and funny video about the lymphatic system. Provides a transcript of the video for the hearing impaired. Fun interactive and educational online game for children.

Reproductive System The reproductive system in men consists of the penis, scrotum and testicles and in women it consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts and mammary glands. Together there are four main functions of the reproductive system: the production of hormones such as testosterone, progesterone and estrogen; the production of egg and sperm cells; the sustenance and transportation of these cells; and the development and nurturing of offspring. This system is vital to the survival of the human species through creating new life. Overview of descriptions and functions of the male and female reproductive organs. Provides educational information for teen boys about the male reproductive system in an easy to understand format. Provides educational information for teen girls about the female reproductive system. Provides several SexEd lesson plans for teachers geared for students from 4th grade through high school.

See also for specific information on the heart.

You Are a Complex Machine You and a fancy car, like a Ferrari, have a lot in common - you're both complex machines. A Ferrari is a machine that needs a battery, an engine, brakes, and many other systems to help it go. A system is a group of parts that work together. Your body systems contain organs and other parts that work together to keep you healthy and allow you to go to school, play with friends, and do all of the things you like to do. There are ten different body systems, but we are going to learn about some of the most important ones, below.

Does the Nervous System Make Me Nervous? Don't get fooled by the name.

The nervous system is not there to make you nervous. It is made up of your brain, spinal chord, and all of your nerves. Your brain is the control center of your body, like the boss. It sends signals through the spinal cord to nerves all around your body to help control things like breathing and blinking. Nerves are cables that help to move signals around to different parts of your body.

Respiratory system Take a Deep Breath, It's the Respiratory System With every breath you take, your respiratory system works to give you the oxygen you need. When you breathe in, the air enters your nose and mouth, goes down a tube (trachea) in your throat and enters into your lungs. When the air is in your lungs, it gives oxygen to your blood that is spread around your body. Oxygen is the gas that powers our complex machine. What Does the Cardiovascular System Do? The cardiovascular system is made up of your heart and all your blood vessels, the tubes that carry blood.

In this system, your heart makes sure that blood is pumped all around your body. The blood travels through blood vessels to deliver oxygen and important nutrients and to help to protect you from harmful diseases. Cardiovascular system That's A Lot to Digest! As you know, it's important to eat plenty of nutritious foods each day to give your body the energy it needs to work well.

That's where the digestive system comes into play. Some major parts of this system are the stomach and intestines.

These parts do the job of breaking down the food you eat, getting the nutritious stuff out of that food, and then spreading that nutritious stuff into different parts of your body. Then the system's last job is getting rid of the waste that your body doesn't need. Musculoskeletal system What About My Bones and Muscles? When you run across a field, jump high in the air, or blink, thank your bones and muscles. Together these are called the musculoskeletal system. Your bones support your body - without them, you'd just crumple to the floor.

They also protect important organs from getting hurt, and produce blood cells. Your muscles are connected to your bones. They get messages from your brain (carried by those nerves) and help you to move by pulling on the bones. Guess which muscle of your body is the biggest?

Hint, you're sitting on it! Lesson Summary Wow, that's a lot of different systems doing a lot of important stuff! Your nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems are working very hard to keep you going. These systems are made up of many different parts that work together so that you can do all the things you like to do each and every day.